In addition to the elevated IFN-inhibitory genes in TG4 and TG5 at baseline, TG4 and TG5 had a higher proportion of participants with anti-IFN antibodies, which are associated with COVID-19 severity and can inhibit IFN and STAT signaling (17) (Supplemental Figure 6, F and G). Here, IFNA1 is linked to COVID-19.