KRAS and serous adenocarcinoma: More than half of high-grade serous carcinoma cases have been found to be mutated with tumor protein 53 (TP53) whereas mutations in KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog) or BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) proteins are associated with low-grade serous carcinoma (Cho and Shih, 2009).