More precisely, 7 (HGF, CCND1, GADD45A, DUSP4, NDNF, BTBD3 and ST3GAL6) and 3 (CD81, CD27 and PTPRC) of the 28 genes were found upregulated and downregulated respectively in patients with premalignant plasma cell disorders compared to healthy individuals. Here, NDNF is linked to plasma cell neoplasm.