AKT1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: FOXO1 is a downstream effector within the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway (Brunet et al., 1999; Kops et al., 1999; Nakae et al., 1999) and genes within this pathway were enriched among ALS-increased DEGs and ALS-associated genes from GWA studies (Figure 4L).