However, these results suggest that the association of pTau-181 with total brain and hippocampal volume loss may be magnified early in the course of AD pathogenesis (ahead of any major elevations in cortical amyloid), whereas pTau-181 and GFAP are associated with faster declines in verbal memory later in the course of AD pathogenesis, in the context of high Aβ burden. The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.