Further results confirmed that P4HB promoted cell apoptosis by activating the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway to regulate the phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase/Bcl-2/caspase3 pathway, while P4HB inhibitor CCF642 inhibited muscle cell apoptosis and prevented ESCC-induced weight loss and muscle wasting [100]. This evidence concerns the gene P4HB and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.