These covariables encompassed various factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, education level, occupation, re-treatment, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, extrapulmonary TB, sputum smear, sputum culture, pathobiology assay test, treatment sequence, CD4 count, HIV viral load, long treatment of HIV, place of residence, and regional level variables including per capita medical consumption expenditure, medical personnel per 1,000 people, and medical institutions per 1,000 people. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.