TAMs can induce the proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration of HCC cells by secreting growth factors or cytokines such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), matrix metalloproteinases, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)1,5. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.