Immunofluorescence analysis of allograft tumor tissues revealed that BPTES reduced the protein levels of CD80, CD204, hypusinated eIF5A, and HIF-1α, indicating that inhibition of HCC growth can be achieved by targeting eIF5A hypusination in TAMs via regulation of glutamine metabolism (Fig. 5g, h). Here, MSR1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.