IGF1 and Alzheimer disease: For example, KEGG pathways identified multiple intracellular trafficking and signaling pathways (Fig 4G) including endocytosis (p = 6.5 × 10−04; notable genes, VPS29 and VPS35), phagosome (p = 1.2 × 10−06; notable genes, ATP6V1A and RAC1), and mTOR signaling pathway (p = 3.3 × 10−02; notable genes, GSK3B, and IGF1), all of which have been shown to play major roles in the pathological processes of AD [48–50].