Reciprocal enrichment of myeloid and innate inflammatory signatures in protected infants within the placebo group and in nonprotected infants within the 1.8 × 106 PfSPZ group suggests that innate immune activation may confer short-term protection against natural, fully infectious sporozoites but also may prevent the liver-stage infection necessary for PfSPZ vaccine to generate effective CD8+ T cell responses and achieve durable protection (10). Here, CD8A is linked to infection.