ICIs are utilized to enhance anti-tumor immune responses by targeting inhibitory receptors found on immune cells, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1).39 The utilization of animal models has played a crucial role in comprehending the mechanisms that underlie the anti-tumor impacts of ICIs and predicting their clinical efficacy.10 The emergence of GVHD in these models may interfere with the comprehension of ICI efficiency and adverse effects.34 Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.