However, novelty scores were markedly higher when comparing modules between malignant and benign pheochromocytomas with mixed UC-MC modules on average having higher novelty than unicellular-enriched and multicellular-enriched modules (Fig. 4E) (Wilcoxon test one-sided p-values = 5.88 × 10−8, 5.15 × 10−5, 9.62 × 10−15, comparing mixed UC-MC with UC-enriched in MAML, SDH, and VHL samples, respectively, and 0.0019, 0.10, 1.27 × 10−13, comparing mixed UC-MC with MC-enriched in MAML, SDH, and VHL samples, respectively). This evidence concerns the gene VHL and hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma.