Ratio-based analysis revealed that 45 out of 47 (96%) of advanced GC patients with a CSV/EpCAM ratio (M/E) of > 1 were in the PD group, while only 2 out of 47 (4%) of patients with M/E ≤ 1 were observed in this group (Fig. 2D). The gene discussed is EPCAM; the disease is gastric cancer.