TNF and pancreatic neoplasm: The results of temporal changes in inflammatory cytokines in hypothalamic CD11b-positive microglia of control and pancreatic cancer cell-transplanted mice showed a high-level expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 at the pre-cachexia and cachexia stage (Fig. 3B-D, H-J, Unpaired t-test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. control group).