In 2015 and 2016, nivolumab (anti-PD-1 mAb) was respectively approved to treat metastatic melanoma and non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and in 2016 atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1 mAb) was greenlighted to treat metastatic NSCLC patients who had progressed after chemotherapy [94]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.