Indeed, looking at the individual metabolites identified in the LC–MS profiling of ASO-treated kidneys revealed that all three intermediate products (carbamoyl-phosphate, N-carbamoyl aspartate, dihydroorotate) of the multifunctional enzyme CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase and dihydroorotase) were upregulated in cystic kidneys and rescued by Asns-ASO (Fig. 5A). This evidence concerns the gene CAD and Renal cyst.