Post-MI hearts injected with M-EPCs showed significantly augmented expression of proinflammatory genes, CCL3 (Fig. 4g), IL-1β (Fig. 4h), TNFα (Fig. 4i), CCL5 (Fig. 4j) and CXCL9 (Fig. 4k) compared with F-EPC and OVX-EPC. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and myocardial infarction.