CAT and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Emetine cytotoxicity could be prevented by the antioxidants L-ascorbic acid, L-cysteine, reduced glutathione, thiourea, deferoxamine, 1,3-dimethylthiourea and catalase in astrocytoma cells or by reduced glutathione in neuroblastoma cells, indicating an oxidative stress-mediated cell death mechanism [33].