VEGF, an angiogenic factor, is locally produced by macrophages and MNGCs at the media-intima junction, a site of neovascularisation.19 A positive correlation between the degree of neovascularisation and lesional VEGF expression has been observed in GCA.19 GCA-tissue macrophages also produce additional pro-angiogenic factors including angiogenin, PDGF and GM-CSF, which further contribute to neoangiogenesis.22 63. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and temporal arteritis.