In recent years, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), has substantially improved the overall survival of NSCLC patients, establishing itself as the standard treatment paradigm [3]. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.