For instance, aberrant elevation in HOTAIR levels in dopaminergic neurons was observed to induce autophagy-associated genes (lysosomal-associated membrane protein type I and II, and microtubule associated protein-1 light chain 3 beta LC3B-I/LC3B-II ratio) in PD mice, probably via activation of the miR-221-3p–neuronal pentraxin II (NPTX2) pathway (Ref. This evidence concerns the gene NPTX2 and Parkinson disease.