Different results were obtained from the strongly type 2 polarizedSchistosoma mansoni models of lung and liver fibrosis, though, with both appearing to be independent of TGFβ.116,316 Perhaps ECM fibroblast activation and fibrosis in these models depends on the magnitude of the IL-13 response or the balance between mixed inflammatory polarization? The gene discussed is IL13; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.