HF: heart failure; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; SVR: systemic vascular resistance; CHF: congestive heart failure; ANP-(95-126): atrial natriuretic peptide (95-126); SBP: systolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; CVP: central venous pressure; HR: heart rate; RAP: right atrial pressure; CI: cardiac index; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate. This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and congestive heart failure.