TNF and Chagas cardiomyopathy: For example, previous work reported that exercise training consisting of three sessions per week lasting for 60 min each, including aerobic exercises, strength exercises targeting major muscle groups, and stretching exercises have no effect on serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) of patients with severe Chagas cardiomyopathy (Rodrigues Junior et al., 2020), suggesting that exercise training may benefit patients with severe Chagas cardiomyopathy independent of its impact on inflammasome (Rodrigues Junior et al., 2020).