Additionally, in the most recent CIVO Phase 0 study (NCT04541108) and in contrast to preclinical data, CIVO data in human HNSCC patients demonstrated that localized TME exposure to pembrolizumab in combination with either of two myeloid derived suppressor cell-targeting agents, anti-immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3) mAb MK-0482 or anti-ILT4 mAb MK-4830, did not enhance the immune response induced by pembrolizumab alone in HNSCC or STS (Gundle et al., 2023). Here, LILRB2 is linked to telomere syndrome.