Exposing wild‐type and knockout homozygous adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) mice to isoflurane, and the baseline changes of NMDA receptor subtype (NR2B), Aβ protein, and phosphorylated tau protein levels before and after anesthesia were observed, the results showed that the levels of Aβ protein and phosphorylated tau protein in gene knockout mice decreased, while those in wild‐type mice increased, and wild type mice showed worse cognitive impairment. Here, MAPT is linked to Cognitive impairment.