Anthocyanins can induce endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression through the Src-ERK1/2-Sp1 signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells, increase nitric oxide production (47), and reduce ROS produced by endothelial cell activation (48), thereby improving endothelial dysfunction and regulating blood pressure (49). Here, MAPK3 is linked to endothelial dysfunction.