Based on bulk sequencing data, using the markers of inflammatory response (PD-1, PD-L1) and cytolytic activity, Sia et al. classified approximately 25% of HCC cases as immune class, which was further divided into two subtypes, immune-activated (characterized by overexpression of adaptive immune response genes and better prognosis) and immune-exhausted (characterized by TGF-β expression, enrichment of M2 macrophages, and T cell exhaustion) [110]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.