On the other hand, an in-depth review of literature indicated that the S100a9, Cd14 and Tpd52l1 genes may be involved in CRSwNP through the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal transduction pathway, which is surprisingly consistent with our results of GSEA. The gene discussed is TPD52L1; the disease is chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.