Although the above evidence emphasizes the role of S100a9, Cd14 and Tpd52l1 genes in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP through the TLR4 signal transduction pathway, a conclusive association is yet to be found between the expression level of such genes and the progression of CRswNP. Here, TPD52L1 is linked to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.