In multivariate analysis, risk factors for GI bleeding included age ≥ 85 years (1.21, 1.06–1.39), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 (1.17, 1.01–1.35), history of major bleeding (2.22, 1.82–2.71), heart failure (1.24, 1.09–1.40), hyperuricaemia (1.18, 1.03–1.36), GI disease (1.41, 1.24–1.60), use of P-glycoprotein inhibitors (1.55, 1.09–2.20), and polypharmacy (use of 5–8 drugs: 1.23, 1.04–1.46; use of ≥ 9 drugs: 1.65, 1.35–2.01). Here, ABCB1 is linked to heart failure.