TNF and neoplasm: Apart from that, tumor-induced signals such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), macrophage-CSF (M-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), along with inflammatory signals including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, are rhythmically expressed and released by specific cells [236].