In line with this, TLR3 expression is enhanced in the brains and spinal cords of individuals with chronic neuroinflammation, such as those with multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer’s disease [44,81,82], suggesting that these findings could potentially be applied to cellular RNAs encapsulated in EVs and their contributions to other chronic neurocognitive disorders. Here, TLR3 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.