PQBP1 and infection: cGAS is recruited to the viral core in a polyglutamine-binding protein-1 (PQBP1) or non-POU (Pit-Oct-Unc) domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO)-dependent manner in the cytosol and nucleus, respectively, enabling cGAS to recognize the HIV-1 reverse-transcribed DNA and enhance the innate signaling in response to infection by HIV [26,27,28].