This hypoxic niche, in conjunction with the inherent metabolic rewiring of cancer cells, elevates HIFs in tumor cells that cooperatively induce the transcription of VEGF and TGF-β1, both serving to promote angiogenesis through binding to and stimulating the growth of endothelial cells (Figure 7) [356,359,360,361,362]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.