DYRK1B and cancer: RNAi-mediated depletion of Dyrk1B or its pharmacological inhibition diminishes cell survival and induces apoptosis in many cancer cell lines [34,36,50,57,60,62], as reflected by the increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [58,71] that are accompanied with DNA damage, indicated by phosphorylation of histone 2AX (H2AX) [72].