FABP3 and atrial fibrillation: While various factors have been reported to be associated with AF after cardiac surgery, such as cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, ischemia–reperfusion injury, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and sympathetic hypertonia, the PASCAL trial sustains that landiolol has an anti-ischemic action, an anti-inflammatory action and sympatholytic effects, as it showed that CPK-MB, troponin-I, and heart fatty acid-binding protein were significantly lower in the landiolol group compared to the control group, suggesting that the prevention of ischemia might have reduced the occurrence of AF after CABG.