CD4 and diabetes mellitus: EtOAc treatment significantly preserved pancreatic islets and reduced diabetes incidence in DTR. Besides the down-modulatory effect on macrophages, EtOAc reduced the number of total CD4+ and activated CD4+ CD25+ T cells. EtOAc affected the number of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells by downregulating their key transcription factors T-bet and RORγT.