PTGS2 and irritable bowel syndrome: Curcumin has been suggested to alleviate symptoms of IBS through multiple anti-inflammatory mechanisms [52,77,78], including suppressing circulating IL-6 [79,80], NF-kB, and TNF-α [81], as well as regulating key mediators of cellular inflammation, including 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) [82].