Immune response against HIV-1 infection in the brain initiates with action of APC cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD4+ T cells in the bloodstream, which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular damage (DAMPs) of the virus through virus recognition receptors patterns (PRRs), such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) to initiate an innate immune response through factors, such as inflammatory mediators [63]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is HIV-1 infection.