RAF1 and infection: To do this, Vero76 and WT-A549 cells were infected with either K28A, K28R, or WT viruses at MOI 1.0, and the ZIKV-NS5 nuclear localizations and phenotypes of NBs were visualized using immunofluorescence with anti-NS5 antibodies at 1 day post-infection (dpi), as previously described [40].