Grygorczuk et al. (2018) [25] previously showed that high intrathecal synthesis of CXCL8 and CXCL1 correlated with neutrophil counts and was more pronounced in patients with encephalitis, suggesting an important role of these chemokines as mediators of neutrophil migration into the CSF in TBE. Here, CXCL1 is linked to encephalitis.