In conclusion, this study has shown, for the first time, similar patterns of CSF chemokine expression in WNND and TBE, particularly those regulating the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages (CCL2), neutrophils (CXCL1 and CXCL8), and leukocytes (CXCL10 and CXCL11) to sites of inflammation. Here, CSF2 is linked to tick-borne encephalitis.