CXCL12 and tick-borne encephalitis: Interestingly, in a study that included 23 patients (TBE and patients with excluded TBE/other inflammatory CNS diseases), Zajkowska et al. (2011) [23] found that serum concentrations of CXCL10, as well as CSF concentrations of CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL12, can be used to differentiate the patients between the two groups.