Interestingly, in a study that included 23 patients (TBE and patients with excluded TBE/other inflammatory CNS diseases), Zajkowska et al. (2011) [23] found that serum concentrations of CXCL10, as well as CSF concentrations of CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL12, can be used to differentiate the patients between the two groups. The gene discussed is CXCL10; the disease is tick-borne encephalitis.