This study fails to clarify the functional role of adiponectin in ADPKD, but the data obtained, such as the different modulation of adiponectin in ESRD patients, and the direct correlation with eGFR, together with the inverse relationship with creatinine and albumin, suggest that the expression of this adipokine may be related to renal functioning. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.