On the other hand, it was found that the single nucleotide polymorphism rs619586A>G in MALAT1 is associated with the risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension, increasing the expression of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), which inhibits the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells [77]. This evidence concerns the gene XBP1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.