SPDEF and posterior cortical atrophy: We provide a significant discussion on SPDEF (SAM Pointed Domain Containing ETS Transcription Factor), ERG, androgen receptor (AR), Activating Protein-1 (AP-1), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), and MYC in PCa development, focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved in PCa development as well as their use in diagnostics and therapeutic approaches.