Abbreviations: HCV: hepatitis C/B virus; HBV: hepatitis B virus; MASLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MASH: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; ALD: alcohol-related liver disease; AIH: autoimmune hepatitis; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis; PBC: primary biliary cholangitis; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; IL-1β: interleukin 1β; ASC: apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain; RFAs: rhubarb free anthraquinones; PR2X7: purinoceptor 7; TAX: taxifolin; ConA: concanavalin A; DMF: dimethyl fumarate; Gal-3: galectin-3. Here, CNTN2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.