To confirm the role of the Gal-3-NLRP3 axis in PBC, Arsenijevic et al. induced PBC in mice by Novosphingobium aromaticivorans infection, and they found that Gal-3+/+ mice had higher levels of NLRP3-expressing dendric cells and macrophages, higher protein expression of NLRP3 and ASC, and a prominent production of IL-1β when compared to Gal-3−/− mice [78]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is primary biliary cholangitis.