In this context, we have previously shown that AHR expression is reduced in the gut of patients with active celiac disease, and that the treatment of celiac disease IELs and LPMC with FICZ reduces the levels of inflammatory cytokines, granzyme B and perforin, as well as the fact that AHR activation protects mice against poly I:C-induced intestinal atrophy [106]. Here, PRF1 is linked to celiac disease.