The samples of pregnancies with IUGR exhibit the most significant transcript variations, displaying the downregulation of genes involved in neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, fatty acid biosynthesis, and pathways involving nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) activity, which encompass arginine biosynthesis and metabolism, angiogenesis, as well as the VEGF signaling pathway. Here, NOS3 is linked to fetal growth restriction.