GDNF and neurodevelopmental disorder: In accordance with the seemingly logical presumption that neurodevelopmental disorders might be due to dysregulated GDNF signaling and hypofunction, initial studies shed light on decreased plasma GDNF levels in patients with schizophrenia either as a single marker [13], or in combination with other neurotrophic factors including BDNF, nerve growth factor (NGF) and Klotho [14].