Based on these studies and the hypothesis that the transmission of HIV-1 infection in humans is caused by the CX3CL1 trafficking of infected lymphocytes, the following possible immunological methods for preventing and treating HIV-1/AIDS patients are proposed: developing a canarypox-protein HIV vaccine regimen (ALVAC-HIV plus AIDSVAX B/E), designing and testing CX3CL1 antagonists, HIV-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, and other new immunotherapeutic strategies for HIV-1 infection [101,109,110,111]. Here, CX3CL1 is linked to HIV-1 infection.