CX3CR1 and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: Moreover, the CX3CR1–CX3CL1 axis plays a key role in mediating the transmission of infectious genomic RNA in the pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis virus [176], as well as in those with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and the expression of CX3CR1 on non-classical and intermediate monocyte subsets may offer new insights into the role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of HFRS [98].