LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: Furthermore, nuclear infolding has been reported to be a phenomenon also seen in neurodegeneration: in neural progenitors and hippocampal neurons in PD patients with PD-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutations and in the midbrain of transgenic mice ectopically expressing the PD-associated LRRK2 R1441C mutation, the nuclei in dopaminergic neurons show irregular shapes [28].